Partial mastectomy, or lumpectomy, removes a cancerous tumor as well as a rim of normal tissue.
A partial mastectomy, also known as a lumpectomy removes some, but not all, of the breast tissue. Partial mastectomy is sometimes possible when the breast tumor is smaller and is an alternative to mastectomy. The ability to perform a partial mastectomy also depends on tumor location, breast size, genetic factors and the ability to receive radiation after surgery.
In a partial mastectomy, the cancerous tumor is removed, along with a clear margin of healthy tissue to ensure that the cancer does not return. The primary benefit of partial mastectomy is that some or even most of the breast tissue remains intact. The drawback of a partial mastectomy is that by leaving some breast tissue behind, there is the possibility that the cancer could return. To reduce this risk, radiation is usually give to the remaining breast tissue. Studies show equivalent survival for early stage breast cancer treated with either partial mastectomy and radiation or mastectomy. With partial mastectomy, the breast will still need annual imaging to assess for new abnormalities while with a mastectomy this is not required.
Breast reconstruction for partial mastectomy may only require smaller secondary procedures, such as fat grafting or a procedure on the opposite breast, in order to restore symmetry between the breasts. For larger tumors where more tissue is removed, oncoplastic surgery, which involve tissue replacement procedures, may be needed.
Procedures such as a breast lift, breast reduction, adding a small implant, or even natural tissue reconstruction can be used to help correct defects and bring balance to the breasts following a partial mastectomy.
Although the treatment varies from person to person, radiation therapy is very common after partial mastectomy or lumpectomy.
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